什么是一段过流、二段过流、三段过流？好多电工都搞不清楚
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过流即过电流保护。三段式电流保护指的是电流速断保护（第一段）、限时电流速断保护（第二段）、定时限过电流保护（第三段），相互配合构成的一套过电流保护机制。
1段，近区短路0秒跳闸，一般保护到母线侧线路出口一段距离；
2段，带0.3-0.5秒左右的时限跳闸，一般保护全线路，有可能还有少许延伸；
3段，带N秒的延迟跳闸，一般是按照躲过最大负荷电流整定的，保护全线路包括下一级的很大一部分，视具体情况而定。
供电系统中的线路、设备等故障，会产生短路电流。短路电流比线路正常工作时大很多，这个就不用过多解释了。通过电流互感器测量这个电流值，和电流值的持续时间，达到整定值时输出跳闸信号，这个就是过电流保护的基本原理。
故障电流越靠近电源点，短路电流越大。
过流一段保护，也俗称速断保护。这个保护的电流整定值是非常大的，而且没有整定时间。也就是说，只要是达到了这个电流值，保护装置必须立即动作（实际反应速度在毫秒级别）！但是，为了保证保护的选择性（下一级线路的故障不能使上一级的保护动作），速断保护并不能保护线路的全长。所以，别看它名字叫做一段，速断保护并不是线路的主保护！
过流二段保护。保护的电流整定值比一段小，也有整定时间。线路电流达到整定值并持续一段时间后，保护动作。过流二段保护的电流整定值，必须保证保护本线路的全长，还要延长至下一级线路的前半部分。二段保护是本线路的主保护，并作为下一级线路的远后备保护。
过流三段保护。保护的电流整定值比二段更小，时间比二段更长。三段保护不仅要保证本线路的全长，还要保证比过流二段保护更长。三段保护是线路的后备保护，并作为下一级线路（甚至下下一级）的远后备保护。
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