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软压板
软压板是指软件系统的某个功能投退，比如投入和退出某个保护和控制功能。
通常以修改微机保护的软件控制字来实现。
软压板是相对于硬压板而言的，保护压板是保护装置联系外部接线的桥梁和纽带, 关系到保护的功能和动作出口能否正常发挥作用。
硬压板
传统保护使用硬连片故而称为硬压板，而软压板是在此基础上利用软件逻辑强化对功能投退和出口信号的控制，与硬压板是"与"的关系。
在智能变电站中，由于信号、控制等回路的网路化，硬压板也就随着电缆回路的消失而消失，而软压板的功能则大大加强，重要性也随之提升。
硬压板：当中间的连片合上，即硬压板投入；连片未合，即退出。
跳闸压板规定采用红色标识，保护功能压板规定采用黄色标识，备用压板为灰色。
压板分类
按照压板接入保护装置二次回路位置的不同,可分为保护功能压板和出口压板两大类。
保护功能压板实现了保护装置某些功能(如主保护、距离保护、零序保护等的投、退) 。该压板一般为弱电压板, 接DC24 V。也有强电功能压板, 如BP22B 投充电保护、过流保护等, 接DC220 V 或DC110 V。但进入装置之前必经光电耦合或隔离继电器隔离, 转化为弱电开入, 其抗干扰能力更好。
出口压板决定了保护动作的结果, 根据保护动作出口作用的对象不同, 可分为跳闸出口压板和启动压板。
跳闸出口压板直接作用于本开关或联跳其他开关, 一般为强电压板。
启动压板作为其他保护开入之用, 如失灵启动压板、闭锁备自投压板等,根据接入回路不同, 有强电也有弱电。
保护压板投、退一般原则
当开关在合闸位置时, 投入保护压板前需用高内阻电压表测量两端电位, 特别是跳闸出口压板及与其他运行设备相关的压板, 当出口压板两端都有电位, 且压板下端为正电位、上端为负电位, 此时若将压板投入, 将造成开关跳闸。
应检查保护装置上动作跳闸灯是否点亮, 且不能复归, 否则有可能保护跳闸出口接点已粘死。如出口压板两端均无电位, 则应检查相关开关是否已跳开或控制电源消失。只有出口压板两端无异极性电压后, 方可投入压板。
除了与二次回路直接连接的保护硬压板之外,某些厂家还设置了保护软压板, 便于监控后台机、调度后台机远方投、退保护。
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